Answer:the decline of lichens is an important indicator of an imbalance in the ecosystem. this research can help system ecologists predict how pollution will affect the entire ecosystem
Explanation:
The shoreline is one of the harshest and most changeable environments for living creatures. The changing tides shift the environment dramatically within a sub-daily cycle. Here, we can consider two typical shoreline organisms, and the changing environment they must endure. Within the rocky shore environment, an octopus would be within the shallow but open sea environment during high tide, and water temperature and salinity conditions would be fairly constant. During low tide, the octopus might become trapped in a rock pool. This environment is dramatically different. The water temperature and salinity might increase drastically with exposure to solar radiation. The octopus is also more vulnerable to predation by humans and other land animals. Within the sandy shore environment, sand clams would be actively positioned at the interface of the sand and water, and will be actively filtering sea water for detritus. During low tide, the sand would be exposed to the air, and the clams would burrow down into the sand so as to avoid dessication.
The right answer to this question is option D. Carotenoids are categorized into two major divisions: carotenes and beta carotenes
First, let's check option A, it says that the carotenoids include red, orange and yellow pigments, that's true, we can check that on lab for example, a vegetable that can be mentioned here are carrots, it has lots of this and it's very healthy too, and remember, there isn't a single animal that can produce carotenoids, so they need to grab it from nature.
The second option, B. says that sometimes carotenoids are sometimes called as acessory pigments, that's true too, some studies consider them acessory pigments, so, they're not alone there, there are different kinds of pigments that can be on that plant, and they're also very important for the animals. Option C refers to beta carotene as the most abundant carotene in plants, that's true too, we can also find other kinds of carotenoids on plants, but this one as it's seen in lab, is the most common one. The last one, D, isn't true, the two major divisions are: Xanthophylls and Carotenoids, beta carotenoids are a type of carotenoids, not a different group.
