The Peloponnesian War is the name given to the long series of conflicts between Athens and Sparta that lasted from 431 until 404 BC. ... However, the more immediate reason for the war was Athenian control of the Delian League, the vast naval alliance that allowed it to dominate the Mediterranean Sea.
Discrimination refers to purposely creating an unfair treatments or negative outcome for a certain individual solely because of that person's race. (example: not hiring you because you are minorities)
Differentiation on the other hand creating an unfair treatment but because we really need it (for example, not hiring someone who is hispanic because we need someone who could help mediate the company in chinese market)
Answer: C) people define themselves by their group affiliations.
Explanation: Social identity can be simply defined as the perception of an individual on who they are based on the membership they belong to.
Social identity theory is a theory about (in group) who we are and (out group) who they are, the in group will always look for issues to use against the out groups, there by tarnishing the image of the out groups and enhancing theirs.
So option (C); people define themselves by their group affiliations best illustrates social identity theory.
There are different kinds of rules. A commonly used test in a disparate impact case is the four-fifths rule which bases potential discrimination of a minority group relative to organization's hiring rate to be less than four-fifths of the hiring rate for the majority group.
<h3>What is the four-fifths rule?</h3>
There has been evidence of some discrimination if an organization's hiring rate for a minority group is said to be less than four-fifths of the hiring rate for the majority group.
The 4/5ths Rule is known to be a rule of thumb under which looks at the selection rate for any race, or ethnic group and has found it to be less than four-fifths (4/5th) or eighty percent (80%) of the known selection rate for the said group with the biggest selection rate.
Learn more about four-fifths rule from
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