Cognitive dissonance, is a term used in psychology that explains the feeling of discomfort by a person who is facing two situations that contradict each other.
An example used to explain it, is the story of the fox who very much wants to eat a bunch of grapes that is in a very high place. As the Fox can not find a way to reach it, she gives up using the excuse that the grapes are green and bitter.
To alleviate cognitive dissonance, one can:
1- Change the behavior to relieve the situation of discomfort.
2- Try to justify the discomfort with new ideas
3- Justify the discomfort.
Explain collective action problems and free riding, and how groups get around these problems through benefits of participation (i.e., solidary benefits and purposive benefits), coercion, and selective incentives.
collective action problem; situation in which members of a group would benefit by working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work; one individuals efforts will not make a big difference; individual is better off free riding, can not do any work but still enjoy successes of group; even when people agree something would be good, cooperation isn't easy or automatic
free riding; relying on others to contribute to a collective effort and not participating on ones own behalf, but still benefiting from the groups successes
mechanism to promote cooperation: benefits from participation, coercion, selective incentives
soldiery benefits-satisfaction derived from the experience of working with like-minded people, even if the groups efforts do not achieve the desired impact
purposive benefit- satisfaction that comes from working to achieve a common goal
coercion- requiring participation; ex. labor unions require union dues as condition
selective incentives- benefits only given to members of an interest group
hope this helps.
Answer:
The method of A. Limits requires this.
Explanation:
The method of limits is generally used in research and it is used to <em>establish an individual's perception of a certain stimulus</em> through understanding the level at which it is perceived by him/her.
The stimulus is <em>presented and varies</em>, by being <em>decreased or increased</em>, until it is perceivable by the individual. The experimenter needs to vary the perceptible stimulus until it is no longer perceived and the imperceptible stimulus until it is perceived in order to measure the level at which perception is possible.
I think it would be Morocco
Reasonable Suspicion allows Police Officers to frisk a suspect, or even temporarily detain them, whereas Probable Cause allows Police Officers to issue a warrant, or even arrest the suspect. Probable Cause also allows grants Officers the power to search. Hope this helped!
-Twix
