It is called Commensalism.
The shark is neither harmed or benefited but the remoras get the benefit of this relationship without harming the shark.
Answer:
a. VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)
Explanation:
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) together with sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. This system consists of neurons that regulate the function of the gastrointestinal tract (GI).
Inhibitory interneurons that are part of the enteric nervous system also known as Dogiel type I neurones achieve their inhibitory transmission via nitric oxide, adenosine triphosphate, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary activating cyclic AMP. They usually act directly on smooth muscles of GI.
Answer:
The given blank can be filled with interferons.
Explanation:
The signaling molecules or the proteins that get discharged by the cell infected by the virus to protect the adjacent cells by stimulating a safeguarding defense mechanism are termed as interferons.
The mentioned proteins obstruct the proliferation of viruses and thus helps the cell in getting rid of the infection. These molecules also assist in stimulating the macrophages and the natural killer cells.
If a linear piece of DNA has three sites for a particular restriction enzyme, it will be cut into 4 fragments. If the DNA is circular, the number of obtained fragments will be N for N recognition sequences for the specified restriction enzymes however if the DNA is linear, the number of obtained fragments will be (N+1).
A bacterial protein called the restriction enzyme cleaves DNA at specific locations. The recognition sequences, or short and distinct nucleotide sequences, are recognized by restriction enzymes in DNA. When a DNA sequence is recognized by the restriction enzyme, it hydrolyzes the bond between neighboring nucleotides and cleaves the DNA molecule.
The restriction enzymes guard against bacteriophages on the living bacteria. They identify the bacteriophage and cleave at its restriction sites, destroying its DNA.
The use of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering is crucial. In order to introduce foreign DNA for gene-editing purposes, restriction enzymes cut DNA at a specified location, which makes them a crucial tool.
To learn more about restriction enzyme, recognition sequences and bacteriophages here
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Answer:
Explanation:
An example of this analogy might be that the surrounding the central dogma which is compared to making yout mum's recipe for brownies.
First, you ought to call your mum, she stands for the DNA. Then, you pay attention in listening and copying down her instructions. This is can be compared to transcription because during transcription, DNA is copied to mRNA.
Any mistake you do during listening and copying leads to mutation caused by insertion or omission.
