Answer:
Plasmodesmata play roles in both cellular communication and in molecule translocation. Plant cells must work together as part of a multicellular organism (the plant); in other words, the individual cells must work to benefit the common good. Therefore, communication between cells is crucial for plant survival.
Pathogens can adapt more quickly than hosts since they have higher populations and faster generation periods.
Pathogens, of course, have the advantage in this evolutionary game because they can change far more quickly than the hosts—especially in long-lived animals like humans—due to their high population numbers and rapid generation rates. The relationship between surface area and complement activation shows how bacterial pathogenicity may be influenced by tiny size. The region of the microbial surface may also have a role in their action since other antimicrobial agents are focused there. A pathogen reacts with the host and creates infection, which results in the host being ill. Any dangerous microbial agent, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and helminths, might be considered a pathogen.
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There are many different types of non-chlorophyll<span> accessory pigments, but some of the most common are </span>carotenoids<span>, phycocyanins, and </span>phycoerythrins.Carotenoids<span> (caroten meaning 'carrot') are a group of some 600-700 different types of accessory pigments that reflect </span>red<span>, orange, and yellow wavelengths.</span>
Answer:
AA AT TT
GG AG AG AG TG TG TG
GC AG AC AG TC
ó
AC TG TG TC
CC AC AC AC TC TC TC
Explanation:
Haplotype research served to discover the origin of genetic mutations that today manifest as pathologies.
It is very important to know that there are no equal haplotypes in two or more different humans.
They are the allelic constitution of multiple loci for the same chromosome.
Furthermore, haplotypes are very good for studying population genetics.
I leave you a table that will help you for this exercise or many more, where the haplotype system is outlined.
