CAPACITY..
Limiting factors determine carrying capacity. The availability of abiotic factors (such as water, oxygen, and space) and biotic factors (such as food) dictates how many organisms can live in an ecosystem. Carrying capacity is also impacted by the availability of decomposers.
BIODIVERSITY...
While food and water supply, habitat space, and competition with other species are some of the limiting factors affecting the carrying capacity of a given environment, in human populations, other variables such as sanitation, diseases, and medical care are also at play.
"Mangroves live life on the edge. With one foot on land and one in the sea, these botanical amphibians occupy a zone of desiccating heat, choking mud, and salt levels that would kill an ordinary plant within hours. Yet the forests mangroves form are among the most productive and biologically complex ecosystems on Earth. Birds roost in the canopy, shellfish attach themselves to the roots, and snakes and crocodiles come to hunt. Mangroves provide nursery grounds for fish; a food source for monkeys, deer, tree-climbing crabs, even kangaroos; and a nectar source for bats and honeybees.
As a group, mangroves can’t be defined too closely. There are some 70 species from two dozen families—among them palm, hibiscus, holly, plumbago, acanthus, legumes, and myrtle. They range from prostrate shrubs to 200-foot-high (60 meters) timber trees. Though most prolific in Southeast Asia, where they are thought to have originated, mangroves circle the globe. Most live within 30 degrees of the Equator, but a few hardy types have adapted to temperate climates, and one lives as far from the tropical sun as New Zealand. Wherever they live, they share one thing in common: They’re brilliant adapters. Each mangrove has an ultrafiltration system to keep much of the salt out and a complex root system that allows it to survive in the intertidal zone. Some have snorkel-like roots called pneumatophores that stick out of the mud to help them take in air; others use prop roots or buttresses to keep their trunks upright in the soft sediments at tide’s edge. These plants are also land builders par excellence. Some Aborigines in northern Australia believe one mangrove species resembles their primal ancestor, Giyapara, who walked across the mudflats and brought the tree into existence. The plants’ interlocking roots stop river borne sediments from" coursing out to sea, and their trunks and branches serve as a palisade that diminishes the erosive power of waves.
Plants are autotrophs because they carry out photosynthesis and produce food for themselves.
<span>Fungi does not contain chlorophyll or carry out photosynthesis, which is why you can find a lot of fungi in dark places. Fungi takes its nutrients from dead organic matter, which is why you would find fungi on rotten fruits and dead animals.</span>
Meiosis II is reduction division which produces four nuclei in 4 haploid cells for a total of four nuclei.
Explanation:
Meiosis 2 is the second phase of meiosis in which each diploid cell gives 2 haploid cells forming four haploid cells. It takes place in eukaryotic cells in gametes or germ cells. Sister chromatids separate in meiosis 2.
It comprises following stages:
prophase II : nuclear membrane breaks down as chromosome condense. spindle fibres get formed and microtubules prepare to grip chromosome.
metaphase II : The chromosomes are lined at metaphase plate.
Anaphase II: the sisters chromatids gets pull apart.
telophase II : nuclear memebrane is formed around each pair of chromosomes, decondensation of chromosomes occur and cytokinesis follow making four haploid cells.
