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While the rest of the world's economy grew at an annual rate of close to 2 percent from 1960 to 2002, growth performance in Africa has been dismal. From 1974 through the mid-1990s, growth was negative, reaching negative 1.5 percent in 1990-4. As a consequence, hundreds of millions of African citizens have become poor: one half of the African continent lives below the poverty line. In sub-Saharan Africa, per capita GDP is now less than it was in 1974, having declined over 11 percent. In 1970, one in ten poor citizens in the world lived in Africa; by 2000, the number was closer to one in two. That trend translates into 360 million poor Africans in 2000, compared to 140 million in 1975.
In The Economic Tragedy of the XXth Century: Growth in Africa (NBER Working Paper No. 9865), authors Elsa Artadi and Xavier Sala-i-Martin review both the deteriorating economic status of the African continent and the ways in which rich nations, as well as the African nations themselves, might help the poor nations of the continent.
Using the robust econometric determinants of economic growth in a cross-section of countries, the authors pinpoint the most important factors behind the tragedy. The first culprit has been the lack of investment. Over the past 40 years the investment rate in Africa has fallen. Since 1975 the investment rate has declined to 8.5 percent for the whole continent, compared to investment rates for the average-performing OECD economy of between 20 and 25 percent, and for East-Asian economies of 30 percent. Furthermore, most of the investment was skewed in the direction of the inefficient public sector. Recent reforms in Africa have raised the investment rate, but only slightly.Explanation:
Puritan migration to New England (1620–40) ... The Puritan migration to New England was marked in its effects in the two decades from 1620 to 1640, after which it declined sharply for a time.
North and South America experienced the Age of Colonial Settlement. The settlements in the Americas were just getting started. The Age of Kings took place in a well-established country with rulers and a functioning political structure.
<h3>What are the different ages in Age of Empires?</h3>
A playthrough of Age of Empires IV almost always has the same number of ages available. some civilizations in Age of Empires IV do not follow the rules.
The Dark Age, Feudal Age, Castle Age, and Imperial Age are the four ages in Age of Empires IV.
Thus, the difference is Age of Colonial Settlement.
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January 3, 1870
That's when they started the construction
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