<u>In modern physics</u>, as it was called "Stefan-Boltzmann law", the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of the black body's temperature T
as:
where: P is the power (total energy radiated per second per square meter) and T is the temperature of a black body.
then we can make a ratio between the state of before quadruple (with subscript 1) and after (with subscript 2) as:
As
Then
then
- The factor will the total energy radiated per second per square meter increase = 256
The magnitude of the electric field for 60 cm is 6.49 × 10^5 N/C
R(radius of the solid sphere)=(60cm)( 1m /100cm)=0.6m
Since the Gaussian sphere of radius r>R encloses all the charge of the sphere similar to the situation in part (c), we can use Equation (6) to find the magnitude of the electric field:
Substitute numerical values:
The spherical Gaussian surface is chosen so that it is concentric with the charge distribution.
As an example, consider a charged spherical shell S of negligible thickness, with a uniformly distributed charge Q and radius R. We can use Gauss's law to find the magnitude of the resultant electric field E at a distance r from the center of the charged shell. It is immediately apparent that for a spherical Gaussian surface of radius r < R the enclosed charge is zero: hence the net flux is zero and the magnitude of the electric field on the Gaussian surface is also 0 (by letting QA = 0 in Gauss's law, where QA is the charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface).
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The final temperature of the seawater-deck system is 990°C.
<h3>What is heat?</h3>
The increment in temperature adds up the thermal energy into the object. This energy is Heat energy.
The deck of a small ship reaches a temperature Ti= 48.17°C seawater on the deck to cool it down. During the cooling, heat Q =3,710,000 J are transferred to the seawater from the deck. Specific heat of seawater= 3,930 J/kg°C.
Suppose for 1 kg of sea water, the heat transferred from the system is given by
3,710,000 = 1 x 3,930 x (T - 48.17)
T = 990°C to the nearest tenth.
The final temperature of the seawater-deck system is 990°C.
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Answer:
<em>The comoving distance and the proper distance scale</em>
<em></em>
Explanation:
The comoving distance scale removes the effects of the expansion of the universe, which leaves us with a distance that does not change in time due to the expansion of space (since space is constantly expanding). The comoving distance and proper distance are defined to be equal at the present time; therefore, the ratio of proper distance to comoving distance now is 1. The scale factor is sometimes not equal to 1. The distance between masses in the universe may change due to other, local factors like the motion of a galaxy within a cluster. Finally, we note that the expansion of the Universe results in the proper distance changing, but the comoving distance is unchanged by an expanding universe.
The momentum of the
x-ray photon is p = h/lambda . Lambda is the wavelength (0.30nm=3x10^(-9)m) and
h is Planck's constant,(h=6.62607004 × 10-34<span> m2 kg / s).The
momentum is: 2.2 x 10^(-25).</span>
The momentum can be calculated
also as: p=mv, where m is the mass of the electron and v is the speed.
So v=p/m,p is known,and
also the mass of the electron (m=9.10938356 × 10-31<span> kilograms).</span>
v=2.2 x 10^(-25)/9.10938356
× 10-31<span> kilograms=0.24 x 10^6 m/s</span>
