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ioda
4 years ago
13

Ithaca is considering a new $45,000 snowplow that will save the city $400 per day of use compared to the existing one. It should

last 12 years and have a resale value of $2500. (a)To obtain a 14% rate of return what is the minimum number of days per year on average it will have to be used. (b)Research the environmental impact of road salt. What are other options?
Business
1 answer:
Yuliya22 [10]4 years ago
5 0

Answer:

a/ 20 days per year on average

b/ The use of road salt to is an effective deicer method. However, it will eventually causes some harmful impact on the environment including but not limited to increasing in water/soild salinity, contamination of public drinking waters, destroy the soild structure and slowly killing of trees and plants. Luckily, there are some other options which are more environment-friendly such as Cheese brine, Sand, Urea, Beet molasses

Explanation:

a/ To evaluate the investment of the new snowplow, denote X is the average amount of saving per a year as the new snowplow is used.

    Consider the average amount of saving as an annuity for the next 12 years, with the discount rate of 14%. The present value (PV) = 45,000 - 2,500/1.14^(-12) =$44,481.1

   Thus, to obtain the rate of return of 14%, PV of the annuity should be equals to $44,481.1 meaning: 44,481.1= (X/14%) x [ 1 - 1.14^(-12)] <=> X = $7858.44

   As one day use would save Ithaca $400, to achieve the targeted saving of $7858.44, the city has to use the snowplow at least 20 days per year ( 7858.44/400)

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The following annual returns for Stock E are projected over the next year for three possible states of the economy. What is the
mr_godi [17]

The question is incomplete. Here is the complete question:

The following annual returns for Stock E are projected over the next year for three possible states of the economy. What is the stock’s expected return and standard deviation of returns? E(R) = 8.5% ; σ = 22.70%; mean = $7.50; standard deviation = $2.50

State              Prob     E(R)

Boom             10%     40%

Normal           60%     20%

Recession       30%   - 25%

Answer:

The expected return of the stock E(R) is 8.5%.

The standard deviation of the returns is 22.7%

Explanation:

<u>Expected return</u>

The expected return of the stock can be calculated by multiplying the stock's expected return E(R) in each state of economy by the probability of that state.

The expected return E(R) = (0.4 * 0.1)  +  (0.2 * 0.6)  +  (-0.25 * 0.3)

The expected return E(R) = 0.04 + 0.12 -0.075 = 0.085 or 8.5%

<u>Standard Deviation of returns</u>

The standard deviation is a measure of total risk. It measures the volatility of the stock's expected return. The standard deviation (SD) of a stock's return can be calculated by using the following formula:

SD = √(rA - E(R))² * (pA) + (rB - E(R))² * (pB) + ... + (rN - E(R))² * (pN)

Where,

  • rA, rB to rN is the return under event A, B to N.
  • pA, pB to pN is the probability of these events to occur
  • E(R) is the expected return of the stock

Here, the events are the state of economy.

So, SD = √(0.4 - 0.085)² * (0.1) + (0.2 - 0.085)² * (0.6) + (-0.25 - 0.085)² * (0.3)

SD = 0.22699 or 22.699% rounded off to 22.70%

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3 years ago
Why do you think states have licensing requirements for certain occupations?
kupik [55]

Answer: to prevent improper use or causing an issue with the thing they have to get a license for

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3 years ago
A company bought a parcel of land twenty years ago. The land is currently worth $575,000. The yearly appreciation rate has been
tekilochka [14]

Answer:

The company paid $278,031

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

A company bought a parcel of land twenty years ago. The land is currently worth $575,000. The yearly appreciation rate has been 3.7%.

<u>To calculate the past value of the land, we need to use the following formula:</u>

PV= FV/(1+i)^n

PV= present value (20 years ago)

n= 20

FV= 575,000

i= 0.037

PV= 575,000 / (1.037^20)

PV= $278,031

3 0
3 years ago
An airplane manufacturer assembles a plane in one location and the workers and equipment go to the airplane when they need to wo
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Answer: c. fixed-position layout.

Explanation:

This is a system that addresses the layout requirements of stationary projects.

Here, project remains in one place and workers and equipment come to that one work area.

Examples are plane, ship, highway, a bridge, a house, and an operating table in a hospital, etc.

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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morpeh [17]

Answer:

1. True

Explanation:

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  • <u>The primary reason why theses type of bonds are special to their tax exemptions and are subjected to an alternative minimum amount of tax as an item of preferences.</u>
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