How do genes in your DNA help stem cells to become different types of cells?

1 answer:

7 0

All of the cells within a complex multi-cellular organism such as a human being contain the same DNA; however, the body of such an organism is clearly composed of many different types of cells.

What, then, makes a liver cell different from a skin or muscle cell is the way each cell deploy (utilizes) its genome. In other words, the particular combination of genes that are turned on (expressed) or turned off (repressed) dictates cellular morphology (shape) and function. This process of gene expression is regulated by cues from both within and outside cells, and the interplay between these cues and the genome affects essentially all processes that occur during embryonic development and adult life.

Outside/Environmental cues include small molecules, secreted proteins (growth factors or signaling molecules), temperature, and oxygen.

The signaling molecules trigger intercellular signaling cascades (series of chemical reactions) that ultimately cause semipermanent changes in expression of genes. Such changes in gene expression can include turning genes completely on or off.

This process is thought to regulate a vast number of cell behaviors, including cell fate decisions during embryogenesis, cell function, and chemotaxis (i.e. cell movement in response to concentration gradient of a particular substance.)

You might be interested in

If you took a sample of magnetotactic bacteria from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere, would you expect them to

I am Lyosha [343]

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

Yes, magnetotactic bacteria can survive in the southern hemisphere if the suitable environment is available for them. These bacteria requires freshwater and marine habitats and prefer environments that contain little to no oxygen means anaerobic conditions. This type of environment is also present in the southern hemisphere so we can conclude that this bacteria can survive in that environment.

3 0

3 years ago

Vampire squid (Vampyroteuthisinfernalis) are deep-sea cephalopods with features similar to both octopus and squid. Extensive vid

Darya [45]

Answer:

Dentritivore

Explanation:

Dentritivores are heterotrophs that depend on other organisms to derive their nutrients from by feeding on their dead remains as well as consuming their feces. Dentritivores play an important role in the recycling of nutrients in an ecosystem and can be found almost at all trophic levels of the ecosystem. Dentritivores can be referred to as “bottom-feeders” in which in an aquatic habitat, most of them are found on the seabed. Other examples aside the vampire squid, include crabs, lobsters, sea stars.

7 0

4 years ago

The grades of a science test are normally distributed. Thanh finds that his grade on the test has a z-score of –2.5. Which of th

Tom [10]

The right answer is Thanh's grade is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of the test grades.

The z scores are standard deviations. If, for example, a tool returns a z score of +2.5, it means that the result is a standard deviation of 2.5.

Very high or very low (negative) z scores associated with very low p values are at the ends of the normal distribution.

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

"a client is admitted to the mental health unit of the hospital because of agitation and unprovoked hostile verbal attacks towar

laiz [17]

Maintaining safety of others is the first priority that a nurse may intervene to this client.This is because the client is potentially dangerous to others. This client may not be trusted until when the his or her anger and agitation begin to subside.

6 0

3 years ago

The failure to regulate the pH of the blood can affect the activity of...

AveGali [126]

The answer to this question would be: enzymes that clot blood

Enzyme is a protein that needs to keep its 3D structure to works. If the pH of the blood is changed, the protein structure of the enzyme can be changed.
DNA doesn't control starch digestion in the blood. Chlorophyll doesn't carry oxygen, hemoglobin is. Red blood cells also don't make antibodies

6 0

4 years ago

Read 2 more answers

How do genes in your DNA help stem cells to become different types of cells?​

How do genes in your DNA help stem cells to become different types of cells?