Pathogens are microorganisms - such as bacteria and viruses - that cause disease. Bacteria release toxins and viruses damage our cells. White blood cells can ingest and destroy pathogens. They can produce antibodies to destroy pathogens, and antitoxins to neutralize toxins
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Protein building begins on the DNA strand. Usually, the DNA contains genetic information which flows from nucleic acids to proteins in a series of steps:
1) Replication: this is the first step. It involves the copying of parental DNA into daughter copies.
2) Transcription: this is the second step. Here, parts of the coded genetic message in DNA are copied precisely in the form of RNA - in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA).
3) Translation: this is the third step. Here, genetic message coded in mRNA is translated, on the ribosomes, into a protein with a specific sequence of amino acids.
Simply put, DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein.
Answer:
B I think so
Explanation:
If I'm right mark me as brainliest and follow e
Physical weathering works with mechanical forces, such as friction and impact, while chemical weathering takes place at the molecular level with the exchange of ions and cations.
The Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment<span> was an experimental demonstration, reported in 1944 by </span>Oswald Avery<span>, </span>Colin MacLeod<span>, and </span>Maclyn McCarty<span>, that </span>DNA<span> is the substance that causes </span>bacterial transformation<span>, in an era when it had been widely believed that it was </span>proteins<span> that served the function of carrying genetic information (with the very word </span>protein<span> itself coined to indicate a belief that its function was </span>primary<span>).
It was the culmination of research in the 1930s and early 20th Century at the </span>Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research<span> to purify and characterize the "transforming principle" responsible for the transformation phenomenon first described in </span>Griffith's experiment<span> of 1928: killed </span>Streptococcus pneumoniae<span> of the </span>virulent<span> strain type III-S, when injected along with living but non-virulent type II-R pneumococci, resulted in a deadly infection of type III-S pneumococci.
In their paper "</span>Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of Transformation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III<span>", published in the February 1944 issue of the </span>Journal of Experimental Medicine<span>, Avery and his colleagues suggest that DNA, rather than protein as widely believed at the time, may be the hereditary material of bacteria, and could be analogous to </span>genes<span> and/or </span>viruses<span> in higher organisms.</span>
