The answer is most likely: 'with an abundance of plant life without oxygen in the atmosphere '. The atmosphere contained almost no free oxygen during the Archean. It does not appear as if this epoch had an abundance of plant life, but rather mats of single-celled photosynthesising cyanobacteria. So I am not completely sure that either of the given choices are correct.
Response to the first question (I don't quite know how to explain the second): (Here's my simple version, just based off of common sense and background knowledge rather than a textbook. Hope it works!)
Gender is determined by the X and Y chromosomes. Females are XX, males are XY. Since there is already a ratio of 3:1 X:Y chromosomes, meaning that there are many more X chromosomes than Y chromosomes, it is more likely for the child to be female, because they are more likely to get two X chromosomes.
Answer:
225,000 kcal
Explanation:
In order to find how much is transferred to the lizards, we have to divide the starting number, which in this case would be 250,000, by 10. That would give us 25,000. We need to find how much energy is lost, so we need to subtract 25,000 from 250,000 giving us 225,000.
