A depiction of how money and products are exchanged within an economy. A circular flow diagram might be used by a business to show how a specific series of exchanges of goods, services and payments make up the building blocks of a given economic system of interest.
Answer:
Pavlov's theory of stimulus substitution is the combination of several techniques that are called the spectrum of the umbrella in classical conditioning. It occurs with the pairing with the new stimulus to the already conditioned stimulus. When this procedure occurs new stimulus paired with the conditioned stimulus, there are chances of replacing already conditioned stimulus with a new stimulus.
We can take an example of a rat that is to be conditioned to respond to a whistle which related to fed then can add a flashlight as a signal with a whistle. When light is there then rat fed. The light signal is then substituted part of the whistle.
<span>party column method would be used here</span>
Generalizing from research, we can predict that the presence of others will INCREASE performance on well-learned tasks and DECREASE <span>performance on novel or challenging tasks.
in doing we're doing a well-learned task, our brain could complete it with less focus, so having the presence of others will give no trouble to our task.
But, in challenging tasks, our brain need more focus to complete it, so the presence of others will be more likely to cause nervousness that lead to a decrease in performance</span>
