Vasco Nunez de Balboa was to be believed that he was the first European to see the pacific ocean.
They were surprised because the inexperienced Union Troops had fled back to Washington and the Battle of Bull Run was a smashing victory for the south that had won by Jackson. To put it simply, they thought they were going to win.
Answer:
they brought in a compulsory nationwide Poor Rate system. everyone had to contribute and those who refused would go to jail. begging was banned and anyone caught was whipped and sent back to their place of birth. almshouses were established to look after the impotent poor.
