The United States uses sanctions as a way to punish foreign countries. Sanctions are essentially economic punishments made by one country against another. These punishments can include trade restrictions, tariffs (taxes on imported goods), or trade barriers. By implementing a sanction, one country is hurting another country's economy and financial well being.
In using these, the US hopes that the country who they punish will change whatever policy the US disagrees with.
B. the election of Abraham Lincoln
The government system of the Soviet Union during Cold War was communism, which basically abolishes the right of an individual to own a private property. This means that the government has the sole control in all of its resources, thus a greater chance of accumulating and safe-keeping of wealth. Furthermore, during those times war among nations was already at a set off so there was a need to advance their artillery system and other equipment needed to armed themselves in case of attacks. Therefore, most of their resources went to defense spending.
This lead to the understanding among the Soviet Union's people that the current government system was already inefficient and is not viable to sustain the needs of their country. People then demanded a change.
What question are you speaking of?
D.) assembly line process of production.