They attacked Christian pilgrims from Europe and closed pilgrimage routes to Jerusalem, hope this helped :)
330 BC
Pytheas of Massalia was a Greek merchant, geographer and explorer who explored Britain and the waters north of Scotland. He described an island six days sailing north of Britain called “Thule.” This may refer to Iceland, but could also have been the coast of Norway, or the Shetland or Faroe Islands. Pytheas was the first person to record a description of the midnight sun, the aurora, and Polar ice.
Answer:
Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, Seljuk Turks, Ottoman Empire.
Explanation:
The correct answer is Renaissance
The period of the Renaissance, or Italian Renaissance, passed in Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries. It can be said that it was a transitional period between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age, which was marked by important changes in socio-cultural thinking, reflected in the economy, politics and religion. Jacob Burckhardt, in his book "The Culture of the Renaissance in Italy", written in 1867, clearly defines the term "Renaissance", as we understand it today. It is a period of "discovering the world and man". The return to the paradigms of Classical Antiquity, which brought humanism and naturalism as ideal, were the main guiding threads of an entire period of empirical and scientific flourishing of an era.
