Answer:
d. They always invade the human body from the external environment
Explanation:
Antigens are the molecules that have the ability to stimulate immune response and are mostly protein in nature. However, an antigen may be self or non-self molecule.
This means that antigen may enter the human body from the external environment (the non-self antigen) or any molecule present inside the body may serve as antigen (self-antigen). Self-antigens are responsible for autoimmune disorders.
Answer:
1. Determine the genotypes of the parents.
2. Determine which genes are recessive and which are dominant.
3. Create a Punnett square for all the possibilities.
4. List the all possible genotypes and phenotypes for the couple's offspring.
Explanation:
Answer: A) α helix
C) β sheet
Explanation:
it is used to visualise the dihedral angles of amino acid residues in protein structure.
The R. plot can be used to determine the secondary structure of proteins.it has 4 quadrant . in Quadrant l is the location of left handed helices.Quadrants ll is the location of beta strands , while right –handed alpha helices occupied quadrant lll.
I can't read the question also is it a science ?