Answer:
A. Botulinum toxin possesses a heavy chain and a light chain, each of which takes part in the toxicity. The binding of the protein and its invasion within a nerve cell is permitted by the heavy chain. After the entry is permitted, the light chain functions like a protease and chops proteins, which would usually permit neurotransmitters to discharge out from the cell. This is basically a commotion of exocytosis or the discharging of neurotransmitters.
The acetylcholine, that is, the obstructed neurotransmitter generally conducts a nerve impulse to a muscle, allowing the muscle to contract. By inhibiting the neurotransmitter, the botulinum toxin results in its distinctive flaccid paralysis.
B. The small doses of the sterile, purified botulinum toxin when used in a medical setting as an injectable form prevent the release of a chemical known as acetylcholine by the nerve cells, which signal contraction of the muscles. By selectively interfering with the underlying tendency of the muscles to contract, the prevailing frown lines are smoothed out, and in the majority of the cases are almost invisible for a week.
Bio-geographic isolation is the separation of part/a whole species due to either biological or geographical reasons.
Biological could be lack of food, or a more preferable source of food somewhere else, etc. Geographical could be rivers, oceans, mountains, etc.
The answer to your question is Fulgeration
Answer:
chitin and murein
Explanation:
The chemical compounds that distinguish bacteria cell from yeast cell are
chitin and murein
Chitin is a polysaccharide present in the exoskeleton of fungi made up of chains of modified glucose known as N-acetylglucosamine. N-acetylglucosamine is derived from glucose
While murein is a mesh like structure made up of sugar and amino acids. Murein forms a layer outside the plasma membrane of bacterial cell.
Answer:
Pineal gland
Explanation:
The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the paired nucleus made of about 1000 neurons each in the hypothalamus. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is involved in maintaining the endogenous clock or the internal clock.
The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls the circadian rhythm by controlling the amount of melatonin. The melatonin is produced by the pineal gland from the serotonin and tryptophan precursors. The hypothalamus thus controls the amount of the melatonin by regulating the pineal gland.
Thus, Pineal gland is the correct answer.
