In a reading frame, one base is misplaced for another.
But in a frameshift mutation, a base is added or removed.
Remember, codons are groups of three, and they code for amino acids. In frameshift mutations, another base is added and that completely shifts the frame. Hence, the amino acids are messed up, and so is the protein made from it.
Answer:
One distinguishing characteristicof all three clades i.e Deuterostomia, Lophototrochozoa, or Ecydysozoa are balstopore development, internal body cavity and exoskeleton respectively
Explanation:
Apart from molecular difference, there exist structural differences between the three clades, which are as follows –
Deuterostomia – The development of embryo is different from the protostomes as the first opening in this clade is anus and the blastopores develops into the anus.
Lophototrochozoa – They do not have ant distinguished internal body cavity. Organs with in coelom can move freely. For example - flatworm
Ecydysozoa – have the ability to shed their tough and flexible exoskeleton i.e cuticle , several times throughout their life span
