Question

A dog bit Sam when he was a small child and now Sam believes all dogs bite. Which of the following is a type of reasoning that Sam is using to come to this conclusion?
(A) Deductive(B) Inductive(C) Iconic(D) Echoic(E) Explicit

Answer 1

Answer:

(B) Inductive

Explanation:

Inductive thinking is that process in which reason is based on the particular to reach the general, just the opposite of deduction. The basis of induction is the assumption that if something is true on some occasions, it will also be in similar situations even if they have not been observed. One of the simplest forms of induction occurs when, with the help of a series of surveys, from which the answers given by a sample are obtained, that is, by a small part of the total population, we are allowed to draw conclusions about of a whole population. Quite often, two types of inductive operations are performed in daily life, which are called prediction and causation.

The prediction consists of making decisions or planning situations, based on predictable future events, such as when it arises: what are the chances of a person's job if they study a career? With the available evidence, a probability is induced, and a decision is made. In this thought conclusions are obtained that are only probable from the premises and that in addition the conclusions drawn are based on statistics. Many philosophers have revealed the logical insufficiency of induction as a method of reasoning.