Answer: Epilepsy.
Explanation:
Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by repeated seizures, it occurs when there is an abnormal electrical discharge by the brain, this leads to a change in the behaviour of the victim without the victim been aware of the happenings.
Abnormal electrical discharge is caused as a result of certain drugs, fever, brain injury, infection and shortage of oxygen to the brain, etc. For one can be diagnosed of epilepsy, such person must have had not less than two seizures.
The purpose of the organs of the male reproductive system is to perform the following functions:
-To produce, maintain, and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen)
-To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex
-To produce and secrete male sex hormones responsible for maintaining the male reproductive system.
Unlike the female reproductive system, most of the male reproductive system is located outside of the body. These external structures include the penis, scrotum, and testicles.
Answer:
Prolong exposure to stress causes a continuous production of cortisol, which can lead to depression and fatigue.
Explanation:
HPA axis is the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. HPA axis is often taken as a body;s stress system, which controls the amount of cortisol and other stress hormones.
Prolong exposure to stress, increases the cortisol production in body. Prolong stress can also cause certain changes to the neurons located in paraventricular nucleus, ultimately resulting in sustained activation of the axis. Long term activation of the axis causes negative feedback mechanism and ultimately causes fatigue, exhaustion, headache and depression etc.
Evidence suggests that cAMP response-element-binding protein (CREB) may be a final common target of antidepressant treatment.
Antidepressant medications work by binding to a number of monoamine neurotransmitter receptors and activating the cAMP signal transduction pathway. Chronic antidepressant therapy has been linked to the cAMP signalling system. Increases in cAMP cause the cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) to be phosphorylated more frequently via increased receptor adenylate cyclase activity .
CREB mediates transcriptional responses to increased cAMP levels by attaching to cAMP response element (CRE) sites.In order to prevent recurring episodes, treatment for depression should maintain therapeutic efficacy while also addressing behavioural symptoms and indicators of the illness. One important modulator of the transcriptional effects of antidepressants may be CREB.
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