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3 years ago

According to lawrence and lorsch, the stability of an organization's environment determines the degree of

1 answer:

5 0

<span>According to lawrence and lorsch, the stability of an organization's environment determines the degree of "</span>differentiation or integration that is appropriate".

The current investigation of Lawrence and Lorsch showed that the formality of the powerful association's structure was identified with the level of stability and security of its market and mechanical conditions. Successful firms working in generally powerful situations had a tendency to be decentralized, while those confronting more steady conditions were moderately unified.

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Derive expressions for the half-life of zero-, first-, and second-order reactions using the integrated rate law for each order.

olganol [36]

Answer:

A very useful concept in the study of the kinetics of a reaction is the half-life. This concept is used in many other fields. Perhaps the best known is the study of radioactive decay processes. These processes are, from our point of view, first-order reactions, since the rate of decay of a radionuclide only depends on the amount of this present in the sample.

We will define the average life time of a reagent as the time necessary for half of its initial concentration to react. It is usually represented as

1/2

In the case of a first-order reaction, whose velocity equation we know is:

v = k⋅ [A]

So, according to the definition of

1/2

we have to:

t =

1/2

⟹ [A] =

]

0 0

two

Using the logarithmic formula for first order reactions:

ln [A] = ln [A

]

0 0

−k⋅t

we will have to:

]

0 0

two

= ln [A

]

0 0

−k⋅

1/2

so that:

ln [A

]

0 0

−ln2 - ln [A

]

0 0

= - k⋅

1/2

and we have that:

1/2

- ln2

- k

ln2

From this expression, we see that the average life time is, in this case, independent of the initial concentration. On the other hand, it is evident that the specific velocity constant has dimensions of

(weather

)

−1

and it is also independent of the initial concentration.

In the same way, we can apply the concept of half-life to the case of a second order reaction with respect to a reagent. For these types of reactions, we have to:

[A]

]

0 0

= k⋅t

then, substituting the values of the definition of half-life, we will have:

]

0 0

two

]

0 0

= k⋅

1/2

that is to say:

two

]

0 0

]

0 0

= k⋅

1/2

now we simplify

]

0 0

= k⋅

1/2

and we cleared:

1/2

k⋅ [A

]

0 0

As we can see, in the case of second-order reactions, the half-life does depend on the initial concentration of the reference reagent.

8 0

3 years ago

As a child ages, the importance of their peer group as an agent of socialization does which of the following?

nignag [31]

The correct answer is option A (increases).

As the child ages, he or she enters the teenagerhood which is a very vulnerable stage in which the importance of peer groups INCREASES. Teenagers need to feel part of a group, they are exploring themselves and look for belonging to a group. This feeling is a fundamental part of the process of identification.

6 0

3 years ago

Cannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn you help me

astra-53 [7]

Answer:

D i think

Explanation:

4 0

3 years ago

all of the following show an example of human enviroment interaction except A. the sioux hunting buffalo

Anit [1.1K]

Hxudbidjdbhdjsughsbdhcdjfud xjdof

7 0

4 years ago

Identify two formal methods for adding amendments to the Constitution. Describe two informal methods that have been used to chan

vazorg [7]

Answer:

Explanation:

a. The two formal methods for adding amendments to the constitution are;

1) In order to add ammendment there must be 2/3rds majority vote in both houses of Congressin order to propose a Constitutional amendment and also a 3/4ths vote of the State Legislature to ratify the amendment made

2) There must be a Call for a Constitutional convention by 2/3rds of the state legislatures as well as a 3/4ths vote to also ratify the amendment made

b. The Informal methods that have been used to change the meaning of the Constitution and each of their examples are;

1) The meaning of the Constitution has been changed by Supreme Court through ruling against or in favor of a particular issue based on the Court's interpretation of the Constitution.

Through this, the meaning of the constitution has changed informally by turning it to "case

law," which sets as earlier example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar future cases.

For instance, Considering the case of Miranda v. Arizona, in the year 1996 when the Supreme court give judgement that Ernesto

Miranda constitutional rights had been denied his by the police officers who arrested him because they failed to inform him of those rights. As from that time

, all police officers were mandatory to read the Miranda Rights before a suspect can be questioned. The Constitution has formally ammended in this case because it sets as earlier example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar future cases.

2) Another example is how the Constitution has formally changed by Congressional Interpretation.

Congress has begin to play the role of determining the

intents of farmers by passing different laws.

For instance, Article 3, Section 1 of the Constitution were quoted and interpreted by the Congress in order to get the Judiciary Act of 1789, created.The Constitutions has informally changed through this.

c. Informal methods of ammendment is more practiced than formal methods because before the Constitution can be ammended popular votes needs to be acheived which is not an easy task

6 0

3 years ago