Answer and explanation
There are instances where taking any vitamin or mineral supplements will be unnecessary or even harmful.
Example
a) For children who are already drinking Fluoridated it will be unnecessary to give them Fluoride supplements
b) It is unnecessary to take supplements because you believe it can cure diseases. If you have a disease one should see a doctor
c) It can be harmful to take supplements that increase energy levels inthe body. It can lead to altered heart rhythm and eventually death
d)A doctor should be consulted before taking nutrient supplements such as Vitamin A. Most have a toxicity level and it is not necessary to take them unless there is deficiencies.
Answer:
D -- ATP synthesis when the phosphate donor is a substrate with high phosphoryl transfer potential
Explanation:
Substrate- level phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP by the transfer of phosphoryl group from a substrate with high phosphoryl group potential to the ADP molecule.
In substrate-level phosphorylation, the donor is a phosphorylated intermediate molecule with a high phosphate transfer potential and it is a way through which phosphate in introduced into a molecule, the other two ways are oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. In substrate-level phosphorylation, a PO4^2- is transferred from a phosphate intermediate (substrate) to ADP to form ATP. Phosphorylase and kinases are enzymes involved in this reaction. An example is the reaction in glycolysis which involves phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to form Pyruvate and ATP. This is to ensure adequate supply of energy to cells and also during anoxia so as not to make mitochodria strain the glycolytic ATP reserves.
"Gravitational attraction" is initially responsible for the formation of the clumps of matter within this interstellar cloud.
<u>Answer:</u> Option C
<u>Explanation:</u>
About 4.6 billion years ago, the solar systems were a bunch of gases and dusts, referred to solar nebula. Gravity squeezed the material as it started to rotate, creating the sun at the middle of the fog.
The rest of the material began to accumulate with the sunrise. The smaller particles moved together to form larger particles that were connected by gravity. As lumps develop, gravity increases and turns into kinetic energy of moving particles that collide and produce heat.
<span>Depletion of the ozone layer. Choloroflourocarbon (CFCS) are dangerous because of their destructive reaction with Ozone particles, which provide the Earth with a protective layer or shield against UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer begins when when CFC gets into the stratosphere. Sunlight breaks up cfcs releasing Chlorine Atom. Chlorine atoms in turn react with Ozone, starting a chemical cycle that destroys the ozone layer in that area. Once the ozone layer is depleted, there's nothing holding back the harmful UVB wavelengths of ultraviolet light (UV light) from passing through the Earth's atmosphere causing havoc on plants and animals.</span>
