It dried up.
North Africa used to be a fertile grassland, even swampy in some spots, 12,000 years ago. By 1000 BC (actually quite a while before) it had dried up into what is the the largest desert i the world: the Sahara.
It is a true fact that Caliphs recruited Persians and Turks as government officials. The correct answer among the two options that are given in the question is the first option or option "a". Caliphs were the most powerful people of that time. I hope the answer comes to your help.
The answer is A I believe
Hey man you should post this in the biology section...
Its A