Answer: Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport
Explanation:
The processes of transport between the cell and the external environment can be grouped into groups: Passive Processes - occur through the plasma membrane, without energy expenditure to the cell, to equalize cell concentration with the external medium. Examples of such processes are diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis. Active processes - occur through the plasma membrane, with energy expenditure, maintaining the concentration difference between the cell and the external environment. For example, sodium-potassium pump. Diffusion In diffusion, particles move from the highest concentration medium to the lowest concentration medium, so that it can be distributed throughout the medium. Therefore diffusion is a process called passive transport. Facilitated Diffusion is the passive transport of substances across the plasma membrane, without wasting cell metabolic energy, allowing the passage of substrates (molecules or ions) from a more concentrated to a less concentrated medium through specific mediation of carrier proteins, enzymes carriers or permeases along the plasma membrane. This process is mainly used to transport carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins and some ions: sodium, potassium, calcium. Osmosis is the name given to the movement of water between media with different concentrations of solutes separated by a semipermeable membrane. It is an important physicochemical process in cell survival.
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport. Sodium concentration is higher in the extracellular environment while potassium is higher in the intracellular environment. Importantly, the energy required for this change comes from the breakdown of the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and phosphate. The sodium (Na +) ion in the cytoplasm is pumped out of the cell. In the extracellular medium, the potassium ion (K +) is pumped into the internal medium. If there was no efficient active transport, the concentration of these ions would equal. Thus, the sodium and potassium pump is important as it establishes the difference in electrical charge between the two sides of the membrane that is critical for muscle and nerve cells and facilitates the penetration of amino acids and sugars.
The fly species Drosophila santomea is found only on a single small island. Thus, this fly is considered to be "Endemic".
Answer:
Option B, Rr pp × rr Pp
Explanation:
Given
Walnut Comb is produces when one dominant allele R is present at one gene locus and at least one dominant allele P is present at a second gene locus - R* P*
Rose Comb - at least one dominant allele is present at the first locus and two recessive alleles are present at the second locus - R* pp
Pea comb - two recessive alleles are present at the first locus and at least one dominant allele is present at the second - rr P*
Single comb - two recessive alleles are present at the first and the second locus - rrpp
Parent are rose combed and pea combed
For being rose genotype must be R* pp
and for being pea combed genotype must be rr P*
Rr pp x rr Pp
will produce
Walnut comb with genotype Rr Pp
Single comb with genotype rrpp
and pea comb with genotype rrPp
Hence, option B is correct
<span>any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells is called a somatic cells. </span>
Answer: An inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species is called a variation.
