In classical conditioning, the Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) after it reliably signals the impending occurrence of the Unconditioned Stimulus (US).
The conditioned stimulus (CS) is a neutral stimulus (NS) that - after being repeatedly presented before the unconditioned stimulus - evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus (US).
For example, a cat staring at a can of food (unconditioned stimulus) reacts differently to the sound of a can opener being struck on any surface (neutral stimulus). But if you condition a cat to believe that striking a can opener on any surface signals it will eat a can of food, the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.
Learn the difference between classical and operant conditioning here: brainly.com/question/17583598
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Answer:
Option ( b ) $57,000
Explanation:
Data provided in the question:
Net income = $300,000
W-2 wages = $120,000
Assets with unadjusted basis = $75,000
Taxable income before the QBI deduction = $285,000
Now,
The QBI deduction for 2019 will be given as 20% of the qualified income i.e the taxable income before the QBI deduction
Therefore,
The QBI deduction for 2019 = 20% of $285,000
= 0.20 × $285,000
= $57,000
Hence,
Option ( b ) $57,000
2. and 4., hope this helped!
Answer:
The above statement is false.
Explanation:
The most common legal structure of business are as follows:
Sole proprietor : It is a form of business in which a business is fully controlled by only one person. He takes all the decision himself . He has unlimited liability. His personal assets are used by the creditors to recover their money
Partnership: It is a form of business in which minimum 2 person come together to form a partnership firm. They share profit and loss as agreed between them. They have a partnership deed . Every partner have unlimited liability .
Limited liability Partnership : This form is recently introduced. This form come under the limited liability 2008. It has separate legal entity.
Corporation: A corporation has a independent legal entity, separate from its owners and has different tax calculation than other structure. The owner of the corporation has limited liability upto their share in corporation
S-Corporation: This business structure is more simple than corporation. It is more beneficial for small owners and also have some tax benefits. S Corporation can also cash accounting system rather than accural method of accounting.
Thus, the statement is false that the legal structure of business is only four.
Answer:
To reduce risks against default.
