Antibodies are produced when the body is exposed to antigens.
During an initial encounter with a foreign antigen, the body's immune system namely the adaptive arm of the immune system, produces memory cells, a group of special lymphocytes that retain and store memory of the antigen.
On a second encounter with the same kind of antigen, the immune system "remembers" the antigen and mounts a rapid, specific and vigorous immune response against the antigen. This response includes the production of massive amounts of antibodies very specific to the antigen.
The antibodies effectively neutralize the antigen and facilitate its destruction.
Answer:HOW DO INFECTIOUS MICROORGANISMS CONTAMINATE DRINKING WATER? animal waste. Wells and other drinking water sources can be contaminated by storm water run-off from roadways, farms and livestock operations, discharges from sewage treatment plants, or septic system discharges.
Answer:
A population bottleneck occurred, altering the resulting allele frequencies.
Explanation:
A population bottleneck occurs when the size of a population is reduced by at least a generation. In this case, genetic drift acts more quickly to reduce genetic variation in small populations, but going through a “bottleneck” can greatly reduce variation, even if the bottleneck does not last for many generations. This effect called a bottleneck usually happens when a major disaster occurs in the population's habitat, changing the allelic frequencies and even the genetic variability of the population.
The population bottleneck can be seen in the question above, where after a forest fire, only 20 beetles remain in a population of beetles. 18 of them are green and 2 of them are brown.
