Answer:
Adaptive immune responses are triggered by activation of antigen-specific T cells that produce antibodies against foreign antigens such as, for example, harmful viruses. These immune responses are useful to eliminate dangerous molecules from the body. In a normal immune reaction, the antibodies produced by T-cells target antigen molecules in order to be subsequently absorbed by phagocytic macrophage cells.
Autoimmune diseases are triggered by the response of the adaptive immune system against self-antigen molecules. Since the immune system can not eliminate antigens from the own body, this immune reaction generates an excessive inflammatory response, and it may lead to the damage of tissues and organs.
Answer
ecosystem
Explanation:
because a biome is s a collection of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. They can be found over a range of continents. Biomes are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate.
Answer:
monohybrid cross
Explanation:
An experiment during which two heterozygous F1 individuals are bred and produce two different phenotypes for a single trait is termed a monohybrid cross.
Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model for studying fundamentals of development because many of the genes involved in the development of the fruit fly are also found in humans and the precise formation of each of their 959 body cells has been mapped.
Its many of the genes involved in the development of the fruit fly are also found in humans. Drosophila melanogasteris which is also called Fruit fly is small in size and minimal requirements, many fly's can be raised and tested within a small laboratory which does not have access time, space or funding.
Genetic factors also make this fly an ideal model organism. Drosophila melanogasteris only has four pairs of chromosomes compared to 23 pairs in humans.
To learn more about Drosophila melanogaster here
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