Question

affects of cholera toxin on adenylyl cyclase the gram negative bacterium vibrio cholerae produces a protein cholera toxin that is respondible for th e characteristic symptoms of cholera. if body fluids and Na are not replaced, severe dehydration results. what is the effect of cholera toxin on cAMP in the intestinal cells

Answer 1

Answer: the effects of cholera toxin on cAMP in the intestinal cells is that it INCREASES cAMP production.

Explanation:

Vibrio cholerae is a gram negative bacterium which produces a protein cholera toxin that is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera such as

watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, loss of skin elasticity, low blood pressure, thirst, and muscle cramps. There is need for body fluids and Na replacement to avoid severe dehydration results which may lead to death.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate( cAMP) is a derivative used for intracellular signal transduction in organisms. The cholera toxin produced by the bacteria INCREASES the production of cAMP through its polypeptides( which consist of active protomer and binding protomer). The cholera toxin first binds to cell surface receptors, the protomer then enters the cell and bind with and activate the adenylate cyclase. Increasing adenylate cyclase activity will INCREASE cellular levels of cAMP, increasing the activity of ion pumps that remove ions from the cell. Due to osmotic pressure changes, water also must flow with the ions into the lumen of the intestinal mucosa, dehydrating the tissue. I hope this helps, thanks.