From what i understand they <span>ask participants to use numbers to indicate the extent to which they agree with a a particular statement</span>
<span>This is a performance goal. These goals are based solely on what the person can do, rather than how they would appear or how they would get along with others. Performance goals are much more black-and-white than any other metric, and are typically easier to make decisions on than any other type of goal metric.</span>
Answer: Broken Window theorist
Explanation:
Broken windows is a theory which is described as criminological theory that further states that the tangible signs of a crime, civil disorder or anti-social behavior tends to create the urban environment which might embolden further disorder and crime, which might also include several serious crimes. This theory further suggests that the policing technique that tends to target the minor crimes i.e. public drinking, vandalism, and also fare evasion might further help in order to create the environment of lawfulness and order, therefore reducing more serious crimes.
I believe the answer is: classical conditioning
Classical conditioning happens when we pair a biologically potent stimulus with a previously neutral stimulus. Over time, the subject would elicit a certain type of response everytime they are faced with the natural stimulus, even without the existence of the potent stimulus.
Answer: This isn't really understood, because not all societies formed governments in the sense of western hierarchical systems, and not all governments formed under the same conditions. It is one of those mysteries, which means it was a gradual thing, and not a sudden seasonal change from anarchy to government. The first government accumulated within a group of people who spoke the same language, and there was some pressure on them that required some level of organization for the distribution of resources and labor, so it seems, but even as I write this I know that is far too simple.
For thousands of years it was believed there was a natural hegemony bestowed by divine power, then, there was the American Revolution and the idea of government was turned upside down. Following that was Karl Marx, who suggested that government was a mechanism of oppression to control the means of production and wealth accumulation, but all of the hypotheses built from this idea, which most of modern thinking can find some degree of lineage to, are problematic to be nice, and outright failures at the other extreme.
Quick answer is, there are a thousand answers, none of which have proven to be universal, so they are only partially right.
There is a lot of room for research in this area.
