D. Fungi
The kingdom Fungi includes a vast variety of organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and mold.
Answer: The greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction of bitumen and the use of large quantities of water.
Explanation:
Bitumen is a natural flammable organic matter formed from kerogen in the process of petroleum generation, which is soluble in carbon disulfide. Asphalt and mineral wax are examples of hydrocarbons which are part of bitumen. Conventional oil is extracted by wells while <u>oil sands deposits are extracted using surface mining sectioning techniques, or are flowed to wells by in situ techniques that reduce bitumen viscosity by steam and/or solvents.</u> So, unlike crude oil extracted in oil wells, bitumen requires an open-pit mining operation, in which large tracts are washed with a mixture of water and chemicals to separate the bitumen from a mixture of sand and clay.
Two consequences of this practice are:
- The greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction of bitumen are larger than the extraction of conventional oil. The emissions produced contribute to enhance the greenhouse effect and cause global warming. The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases retain part of the energy emitted by the earth's soil when heated by the sun's radiation. This phenomenon occurs naturally, and thanks to it, the average temperature of the Earth is about 14º C (57.2 °F). The problem occurs when these greenhouse gases increase in the atmosphere and the amount of energy that is not released into space also increases and, with it, the Earth's temperature.
- The extraction of bitumen from oil sands requires the use of large quantities of water, and even though water used here can be recycled, only a small amounts is returned to the natural cycle. Also, spills from the transportation of the oil could damage soils and waterways, increasing water pollution. This toxic water could get into surface.
The bottom of the boat or the part that comes into contact with the water
Answer:
The correct selection of answers to the question: Identify the pieces of evidence describing the features of DNA that Watson and Crick used to determine the structure of DNA, would be:
C: The two chains are parallel, both running in a 5´ to 3´ direction
D: A purine base forms hydrogen bonds to pair with a pyrimidine base located on the opposite DNA strand. Specifically, A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
E: The sugar-phosphate backbones of each DNA helix run antiparallel to one another
F: The diameter of the DNA doube helix is 2 nm, with each purine-pyrimidine base pair spanning an equivalent distance between the two chains.
Explanation:
Although Watson´s and Crick´s research, and model of the DNA helix, became the breakthrough for science, as it visually presented the now known characteristics of DNA, this research was possible due to the way that these two researchers used previous information found by other scientist on the molecule, to finally build their model. All of the options that were selected were part of the research of several scientis, including Mendel, Rosalin Franklin, Linus Pauling, Maurice Wilkins, Oswald Avery and many others, who worked on different aspects of specimens and their specific characteristics, and which led them to discover that organisms possessed DNA, that this was the unit of information that directed all functions in living cells and how this DNA helix was chemically built to understand how it worked, and why it worked the way it did.
