Answer:
b. actively transport Cl- from the ECF to the external environment.
Explanation:
Chloride cells are cells that are found in the gills of teleost fishes which pump large amount of sodium and chloride ions out from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the sea or environment against a concentration gradient in marine fish.
The opposite of this process occurs in freshwater fishes where the gills of freshwater teleost fish, cause an influx of sodium and chloride ions into the fish from the environment, also against a concentration gradient.
Mechanism of action
Salt water teleost fishes take in large amounts of seawater to decrease osmotic dehydration. The excess of ions derived from seawater is thrown out of the teleost fishes through the chloride cells. These cells employs active transport on the basolateral (internal) surface to diffuse in chloride, which then is pumped out of the apical (external) surface, straight into the surrounding environment. Such mitochondria-rich cells are located in the region of the gill lamellae and filaments of teleost fish.
Chromosomes are thread-like structures in which DNA is tightly packaged within the nucleus.
During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and sunlight to create fuel—glucose and other sugars—for building plant structures. This process forms the foundation of the fast (biological) carbon cycle. ... In all four processes, the carbon dioxide released in the reaction usually ends up in the atmosphere.
Answer:
Villi
Explanation:
In the small intestine, villi are found present. These villi which appear like a finger-like tissue structure are about 0.5–1.6mm in length in human beings.They have mucosal cells that help in absorption of nutrients. A villus has several microvilli, which increases the surface area of the intestinal wall for faster absorption of nutrients.
A fracture or dislocation is a break or crack in the bone. It is when two bones are out of place at the joint that connects them which may also cause injury to nerves and blood vessels. The types of fracture are: Closed refers to fracture that does not break skin, Open, a fracture where external wound associated with fracture, Non displaced, a simple crack of bone and the Displaced, a fracture in which there is actual deformity. But there are three types of treatment for fracture or dislocation namely: Open treatment, examples are Surgically Cleaning the Bone, Removing Contaminated or Non-Viable Tissue, Stabilizing the Bone and many more. Other type of treatment is closed treatment like No immobilization and Cast Immobilization. Third type of treatment is Percutaneous Skeletal Fixation like internal and external fixation.
