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For the nuclear industry, the NRC, amongst other things, dictates exposure limits to both workers dealing with radioactive material, called the occupationally exposed, and the general public, or non-occupationally exposed. For an occupationally exposed worker, such as someone at a nuclear power plant or in nuclear medicine at a hospital (if they’re licensed by the NRC), the limit is 5 rem a year. Surprisingly, while most nuclear power workers never receive anywhere close to that amount, some workers in the medical field, such as those working with X-ray fluoroscopy machines, are amongst the highest occupationally exposed workers. Pregnant women who are occupationally exposed may choose to (but are not required to) declare their pregnancy and receive lower dose limits throughout the term of the pregnancy.
For members of the public, the annual limit from the NRC (which is matched by the EPA for areas not covered by NRC guidelines) is 100 mrem. Licensed facilities have to have programs in place to limit exposure, and be able to demonstrate that procedures are in place that members of the public would not be exceeding those levels.
