Answer:
The history of GIS all started in 1854. Cholera hit the city of London, England. British physician John Snow began mapping outbreak locations, roads, property boundaries, and water lines.
John Snow’s Cholera map was a major event connecting geography and public health safety. Not only was this the beginning of spatial analysis, but it also marked the start of a whole field of study: Epidemiology – the study of the spread of disease.
To this date, John Snow is known as the father of epidemiology. The work of John Snow demonstrated that GIS is a problem-solving tool. He put geographic layers on a paper map and made a life-saving discovery.
Explanation:
Extinction of species reduces the number of different species in ecosystems, hence lowering the diversity of living things.
Topographic maps and satellite images
Explanation:
A topographic map represents earth's surface features like land forms and structures, rivers and lakes, mountains and hills, elevations and other natural features along with man-made artificial features like cities, buildings, monuments, roads, bridges etc. These are formed by contour lines.
Topographic maps are printed with revision dates to observe the changes happening on the Earth's surface. Various land forms keeps changing due to natural and man-made causes and these needs to be updated accordingly to provide accurate details.
A satellite image provides details of the earth aerially from space. These provides details of a land form or any earth structure currently.
By comparing with older satellite images or topographic maps with the current one, the changes which occurred over time can be observed.
