Answer:
The direction of an electric current is by convention the direction in which a positive charge would move. Thus, the current in the external circuit is directed away from the positive terminal and toward the negative terminal of the battery. Electrons would actually move through the wires in the opposite direction.
Answer:
he organisms that can fix energy from inorganic sources into organic molecules are called autotrophs. Organisms that cannot make their food from inorganic sources but depend on energy rich organic molecules synthesized by autotrophs for their energy needs are called heterotrophs.
The only source of energy for all the ecosystems of the earth is the sun. Light falling on the plants is trapped by the producers or autotrophs in the presence of chlorophyll and is used in synthesizing the organic food called glucose by the process of photosynthesis. By photosynthesis radiant energy of sunlight is transformed into potential energy of food. A part of this energy is trapped by the producers while the rest of the energy is dissipated. The remaining part of energy which is used in the synthesis of plant biomass is called photosynthate which is then available to the next trophic level in the food chain that is the consumers or heterotrophs. In an ecosystem there is a unidirectional flow of energy.
Answer:
The high specific heat of water caused by hydrogen bonding
Explanation:
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of that substance by one degree Celsius (1° C).
Due to the hydrogen bonding present in water, water has a high specific heat capacity of 4184 Joules per kilogram. This means that, water has to absorb 4,184 Joules of heat for the temperature of one kilogram of water to increase 1°C. When compared to other substances such as metals, this is very high. For example, the specific heat capacity of copper is 385 Joules per kilogram which means that it only takes 385 Joules of heat to raise 1 kilogram of copper 1°C.
Therefore water, can absorb a large quantity of heat with very little changes in its temperature. This property of water helps the oceans and seas to serve as heat reservoirs by absorbing a large quantity of heat in hotter seasons and releasing these heat in colder seasons.
