<span>Eight years after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, in the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, he penned this cartoon expressing his dismay at the country's slow progress toward educational integration.</span>
Gideon was an unexperienced man in terms of the law. He was underprepared and did not defend himself well. Hope this helps you.
That is The Board of Geographical Names. It was established in the late nineteenth century and is operated by the U.S. Geological Survey. They are the final arbiter of names on U.S. maps.