Answer: Option D.
Genotype by environment interaction.
Explanation:
Genotype by environment interaction refer to a situation where two different genotypes react differently in an environment. Light skinned humans are at greater risk of skin cancer because they lack melanin which the dark people have and this melanin protect the skin from sun.
All the choices are correct. Differences in the norm of reaction I.e they react different way.
Epistasis is when the effect of a gene suppress the other.
Pleiotrophy is when a gene influence another genes phenotipically. These are all genotype enviromr interaction.
This is because a sample is supposed to ideally represent the whole population from which it was taken. Taking samples from different location within the population ensures that they are no bias in the sample. Each part of the population should be well represented in the sample so that the conclusions drawn from the sample represent the properties of the whole population.
