It excludes money paid as salaries or wages to employees.
Answer:
productivity is calculated by using formula
Explanation:
formula = total output/ total input
Answer:
1. Technology.
2. Social trends.
3. Economic shocks.
4. Political.
5. Nature of the workforce.
Explanation:
According to the amiable philosopher and mathematician, Alfred North Whitehead, "The art of progress is to preserve order amid change and to preserve change amid order."
The 5 specific forces acting as stimulant for change in an organization or business environment are;
1. Technology: it is a major external force, organizations should make use of new technologies, so as to maximize efficiency and increase productivity.
2. Social trends: social media changes can bring individuals together and influence their interests to share opinions, cultures perception and ideas.
3. Economic shocks: indices of gross domestic products such as unemployment, acquisitions, bankruptcy, recession impacts an organization.
4. Political: government policies, regulations and restrictions such as tax, minimum wage etc can cause a change in a firm. Companies should ensure they are operating at top notch in the competitive market.
5. Nature of the workforce: they should be able to adapt or respond to economic activities, such as demographic, immigration, multicultural society, etc.
Change agents in an organization are individuals acting as catalysts by assuming responsibilities for managing any of the aforementioned specific forces acting as stimulant for change.
