1. An ATM card is used on January 24 to withdraw cash. What is the balance after this transaction?

The National Income and Product Accounts identity states:__________A) Expenditure  Production  Income.B) Production  Expendit

zaharov [31]

Answer:

I. National Income Accounting:

National income accounts are an accounting framework is useful in measuring economic activity.

A. Three approaches—all produce the same measurement of the production of the economy.

1. product approach: how much output is produced

2. income approach: how much income is created by production

3. Expenditure approach: how much purchasers spend

B. Why all three approaches are the same: Assumes no unsold goods (at this point) then the market values of goods and services produced must equal the amount buyers spend to purchase them (product approach=expenditure approach). What the seller receives (income) must equal what is spent (expenditure).

II. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

A. GDP vs. GNP

GNP= output produced by domestically owned factors or production. (By our people)

GDP= includes production produced by foreign owed factors of production within the countries border and excludes domestically owned production in foreign countries. (On our soil)

1. GDP = GNP – net factor payment from abroad (NFP)

2. How big is the difference?

B. Product approach: The market value of all final goods and services produced within a nation during a fixed period of time.

1. Market value: allows comparison between different goods. Has some problems – ignores some goods. underground economy, and government services.

2. Final goods and service: Treatment of inventories; Capital goods; Avoids double counting; Value added.

3. New production: Ignores goods produced in previous periods

C. Expenditure approach: Total spending on final goods and services produced within a nation during a specified period of time.

1. Income expenditure identity and four categories of spending: Consumption (C), Investment (I), government purchases of goods and services (G) and net exports (NX)

Y = C + I + C + NX

2. Consumption(C): Spending by domestic households on final goods and services

a. Consumer durable goods: Long lasting goods

b. Nondurable goods used up quickly

c. Services

3. Investment (I): Spending on new capital goods by business

a. Business fixed investment

b. Residential fixed investment

c. Inventory investment: Changes in the amount of unsold goods, goods in progress and new materials

4. Government purchases of goods and services (G):

a. State and local vs. Federal spending

b. Transfers and interest payments on debt are not counted. They are counted in total government expenditure which is not the same as government purchases of goods and services.

5. Net exports (NX): exports minus imports

a. Need to subtract imports since they are counted in C. I and G can add goods produced within the country purchased by foreign interests (exports).

D. Income approach adds up income received by producers, including profits and taxes paid to the government

1. Income generated by production

a. National income =

compensation of employees

+ proprietors income

+ rental income of persons

+ corporate profits

+ net interest

+ taxes on production

+ business transfers

+ surplus of gov enterprises

b. National income + statistical discrepancy = Net National Product (NNP)

Note: This changed a couple years ago. If you have an old addition, you may see the indirect business tax. It is no long used in this equation!

c. NNP + depreciation = GNP

d. GNP – NFP = GDP

2. Income of private sector and government

a. Private disposable income = income of private sector = private sector income earned at home (Y or GDP) and abroad (NFP) + payments from the government sector (transfers TR and interest on debt INT) – taxes paid to government (T) = Y + NFP + TR + INT – T

b. Government net income = T- TR – INT

III. Saving and Wealth

A. Wealth Difference between assets and liabilities

B. Measures of aggregate savings

1. Saving = current income – current spending; saving rate = saving/current income

2. Private saving (Spvt) Spvt = Y + NFP – T + TR + INT – C

3. Government Saving (Sgovt) Sgovt = T – TR- INT – G

a. Government saving = Government budget surplus (deficit = -Sgovt)

4. National Saving= private saving + government saving

S = Spvt + Sgovt = Y + NFP - C – G = GNP - C – G

C. The uses of private saving

1. S = I + (NX + NFP) = I + CA

CA = NX + NFP = current account balance

2. The use of savings identity

Spvt = I – Sgovt + CA

If the budget deficit increases one or a combination of the following happen

1) private saving must rise

2) investment must fall

3) the current account balance must fall

IV. Prices Indexes, Inflation and Interest Rates

A. Nominal vs. Real variables

Nominal Variables – Measures the economic variable in terms of the current market value.

Real Variable—Measure the variable valued at the prices in a base year.

B. Real vs. Nominal: Calculation the differences

Examples Small country only produces base balls and baseball bats

Explanation:

3 0

3 years ago

What are examples of Retirement Phase?

AlladinOne [14]

PHASE 1: Accumulation

This period begins when you enter the workforce and begin setting aside funds for later in your life, and ends when you actually retire. If your employer offers 401(k), 403(b), or 457(b) plans, have you signed up and are you contributing the maximum allowed? Did you know that the "new normal" requires retirement savings rates for most Americans to exceed 10 percent? If self-employed, are you shortchanging yourself on Social Security in order to reap tax deductions?

PHASE 2: Pre-Retirement

This phase occurs during the final years of the accumulation phase and should begin when you reach 50 years old or are 15 years away from retiring, whichever happens first. Now is the time to get your plan in place, making sure your finances are lined up correctly for retirement day so nothing will be left to chance. If you work for a company with a benefits specialist, arrange an appointment to become informed about the various ways you can convert your employer retirement savings into a stream of income or an IRA. Consider using a tool known as "scenario planning." Start learning about Social Security and your options for beginning to receive retirement benefits. Familiarize yourself with the basics of Medicare.

PHASE 3: Early-Retirement

This phase lasts from the day you retire until you are 70 years old. (For those who do not plan to retire until well into their 70s, some tasks in this phase may occur later.) A key purpose of this phase is to create a clear communication channel with your family so information can be shared, questions asked and answered, and decisions made in a calm, supportive way. It's also the time to assess how well your finances are working now that you are using your retirement savings. Fine-tune your income and expense projections, taking into consideration how you will meet minimum distribution requirements from your tax-deferred accounts.

PHASE 4: Mid-Retirement

This phase begins at age 70 and lasts as long as you are able-bodied and high-functioning. Despite your good health, begin looking at what steps you would like your family to take should your condition decline significantly. In most cases your ability to make all your own decisions, care for yourself, engage with the world on your terms, and manage your affairs does not vanish in a split second. It takes courage to dive into a conversation about giving up and transferring control.

PHASE 5: Late-Retirement

This phase begins when your health has taken a turn for the worse and there is little likelihood of it being fully restored. You require significant help to function day to day. The hope is that by this point all the planning done in prior years makes this transition as manageable and life-affirming as possible.

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

What are the fundamentals of a wealthy life?

Alenkinab [10]

Answer:

Avoiding debt.
Budgeting properly.
Setting short-term and long-term goals.
Investing in yourself.
Diversifying your assets.
An understanding of risk and reward

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

The elements of the business environment include the:.

quester [9]

Answer:technological environment, economic and legal environment, competitive environment

Explanation:

5 0

3 years ago

On January 1, JC Co. accepted a 60-day, 6%, note in the amount of $10,000 from a customer. On March 2, the due date of the note,

sammy [17]

Answer:

Cash account in the amount of $10,100

Explanation:

The journal entry to be recorded for the receipt of payment is as:

Cash A/c.............................................Dr $10,100

Note receivable A/c...................Cr $10,000

Interest Revenue A/c..................Cr $100

Being recoded the receipt of payment

As payment is received so asset is increasing and any increase in asset is debited. Therefore, cash account is debited. And the note receivable got decrease will be credited and the interest revenue is also credited.

Computation of interest revenue is as:

Interest revenue = Amount × % of note × Days / Number of days in a year

= $10,000 × 6% × 60 / 360

= $100

Note: Assume 360 days in a year

3 0

3 years ago