We can observe that the function describing the graph is linear and so the equation is of linear nature:

Numbers m and n have special names. m is called the slope, n is called y-intercept.
From the graph one can tell that the line intercepts y-axis at y = -1 that means n = -1. What about the slope you say?
The slope can be calculated using two points' coordinates that lie on the line:

Now our line has an equation,

Hope this helps.
Assuming that the triangle is a right triangle, we can reverse engineer the Pythagorean theorem (a^2+b^2=c^2).
60^2 + x^2 = 61^2
3600 + x^2 = 3721
x^2 = 3600 - 3721
x^2 = 121
x = sqrt121
x = 11
5 × x = 1/4 x = 1/4 ÷ 5 x = 1/20
Cos Z = 32/40 => Z= cos-¹(32/40) =>
sin Z = sin (cos-¹(32/40)) = 3/5
The easiest way to think of these is to put them in terms of percentages. Obviously, if you are SAVING 25%, you are SPENDING 75%. So if she SPENDS 13.50, we can easily use the 75% in an equation. $13.50 = .75x, with x being what the shoes cost originally. The .75 indicates that she is spending 75% of what the original cost is. You don't have any examples to pick from, but this is the best way to explain what one of the equations could be. You could also base it on money saved, but the equation is not quite as neat.