Smartphone applications can offer real-time, customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
- A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
- A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
- Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
- Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
- In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
- When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messages adapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
- Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatment information and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
- Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
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The correct options are as follows;
1. DIRECT.
Supply refers to the quantity of a product that a producer is willing to bring to the market. The higher the price of the product in the market, the more the producer will be willing to produce more product. For instance, if a product is been sold for $20 in the market and the price now increase to $50, the producer will prefer to produce more of that product in order to increase his profits, he will not be willing to produce another product that its price is lesser than $50. Thus, the higher the price, the more the quantity supplied; this shows a direct relation between price and quantity supplied.
2. UPWARD SLOPING.
The supply curve is a graphical representation that shows the relationship that exist between the price of a commodity and the quantity the supplier is willing to supply. The graph move upward from left to right [Upward sloping], thus showing that as the price is increasing, the quantity supply too will increase.
Answer:
a. an argument based on insufficient evidence
Explanation:
