France lost thousands of its countrymen in the form of emigrants who wished to escape political tensions and save their lives
They didn't go far enough because although all types of institutionalized racism was forbidden by constitutional means, it didn't stop people from being racists. They still behaved like racists and often it would happen that people of color would get punished much more in court than Caucasian people, or people who were racists and did bad things against the African-American population would walk free, especially in smaller communities.
Pennsylvania
1681 William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a safe haven for Quakers.
It would be the eight amendment
The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal, state, and local governments of the United States, or any other government, or any corporation, private enterprise, group, or individual, from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT