Answer:
The best answer from the choices, to the question: The cause of the hyperventilation is described by which of the following statement:___, would be, B: A decrease in the bicarbonate concentration stimulates ventilation.
Explanation:
The acid-base balance in the human body, is a very restrictive one. Normal ranges in this base are: 7.35 to 7.45. Whenever the values go either below 7.35 or above 7.45, we are talking about a person going into acidosis or alkalosis. Both situations are pretty serious and they have to do with the balance between the amounts of bicarbonate, and CO2 in the form of carbonic acid, in the blood. The normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid, is usually 20:1. Chemoreceptors, especially central ones in the neck, measure constantly that the balance is kept and if this is not the case, then several mechanisms will be put into place to recover it. One such measure is respiratory, and the other is metabolic. In the case of this 17-year-old, he has a pneumonia, which means that from the start, one of his recovery mechanisms is impeded, which is the respiratory mechanism of balance. He is also having metabolic problems with his system of compensation because his body is already producing high levels of H+ ions and not enough bicarbonate. Hyperventilation in this person is attempting to expel as much CO2 as possible, to try and restore the balance. The first thing that is sensed by the receptors is the changing in the 20:1 ratio, the increase in pH due to too much carbonic acid, and thus the body initiates the use of CO2 expulsion by the lungs, while metabolic mechanisms come into play.
It is called the nasopharynx.
You would expect her to be very calm and reassuring, as well as taking vitals every 2 hours. UTIs can cause confusion in elderly people even if they have no previous mental illnesses. Confusion and being recently moved into new surroundings could cause for a very agitated and confuse patient.
Answer:
Correct answer is c. It is the final electron acceptor in the aerobic respiration.
Explanation:
Oxygen is a substrate of the aerobic respiration, but it is not the only one. Glucose is also a substrate.
Oxygen is used in the cells to be the final electron acceptor, this means that receives the electrons from NADH and FADH2. That is why, when there is no oxygen available for aerobic respiration, the NADH and FADH2 cannot be oxidized and therefore remain in their reduced form. As a consequence, they cannot be re-utilized during different cellular processes that are NAD+ and FAD dependant, such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and cellular respiration. This means that the ATP synthesis stops.
Oxygen itself does not transport any electrones, this are transported by the cytochrome complex in the mitochondrial membrane. But oxygen is key in receiving those electrones, therefore a very important piece of the electron transport across the mitochondria.
