Answer;
Population; physiological modifications at the individual level.
The adaptation of the sled dog best describes adaptation at the population level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has physiological modifications at the individual level.
Explanation;
-The bodies of sled dogs are covered with two coats of hair that work together to provide a double layer of warmth. The under layer is very short and the dog sheds it in the spring to keep from overheating during warmer temperatures.
-During the colder winter months, this under layer works as an insulator against the dog's skin to keep his body warm and his core body temperature consistent. This adaptation best describes adaptation at the population level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has physiological modifications at the individual level.
Answer:
Mass does not affect gravity and distance has an indirect relationship.
Explanation:
The equation for gravity is, g = 
where, G = gravitational constant
M = mass of the planet
R = distance between the bodies (object and center of planet)
so, gravity depends on the mass of planet, not on mass of object
and is inversely proportional to sqaure of distance.
Answer:
N/m2
Explanation:
Shear stress on cells lining the walls of the blood vessels is equal to
20 dyne/cm2
In terms of Newton/square meter, shear stress is equal to
N/m2
Shear modulus is equal to shear stress divided by shear strain
Thus, shear modulus is equal to
N/m2
Answer:

Explanation:
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation, infection of the conjunctiva. It is the most common ocular disease worldwide.It is characterized by a pink appearance because of subconjuctival blood vessels hemorrhage.
Simply, we can define it as :
Conjunctivitis ( pink eye ) is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane ( conjunctiva ) that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of your eyeball.
Pink eye is commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection , an allergic reaction or in babies.
The most common pink eye symptoms include:
- Redness in one or both eyes
- Itchiness in one or both eyes
- A gritty feeling in one or both eyes
Hope I helped !
Best regards!