Question

The consequences of artificial selection and the advantages and disadvantages of using genetic information in society. Use facts from your research to support your opinion. Cite the sources for your facts. Also, discuss your answer to the Apply the Big Question activity
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Answer 1

Answer:

Artificial selection is when humans select organisms, because of their favorable genes and breed them to produce a genetically favorable organism. Artificial selection has aided in the yield and quality increase of certain plants/animals, mostly for consumption. As well as introducing a variety of plants. Artificial selection in laboratories have also helped make significant strides in diseases/therapeutic research.

Artificial selection has decreases genetic diversity among plants and animals, thus amplifying certain weaknesses and illnesses, and this could be detrimental to the organism and the environment.

Genetic information is beneficial in designing clinical trials for preventative therapies. Scientists can use genetic information to predict the risk of certain genetic diseases and help design effective therapies.

Sharing genetic information can put individuals at risk, because they can be identified, this could lead to discrimination by society and/or research bias by the researchers.

References:

Erlich Y, Narayanan A. (2014) Routes for breaching and protecting genetic privacy. Nat Rev Genet 15:409–42

Fearer M. (2013) Scientists expose new vulnerabilities in the security of personal genetic information. In: RSS News. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, January 17, 2013

Explanation:

Answer 2

Artificial selection or selective breeding is a process of selecting the “advantageous” characteristics from the plants or animals by humans and using them for breeding. There are many advantages of artificial selection:

• More agricultural products, gaining higher profit (for example more milk from cow, or more fruit)

• Elimination of diseases by identifying the plants/animals with disease

• Production of superior breed.

On the other hand, negative effects might also occur, so the disadvantages of artificial selection are:

• Genetic mutations  

• Loss of genes

• Diseases

All of these negative impacts are connected and often arise from the breeding of desirable organisms.