Answer:
<u> The following four traits are -: </u>
- <u>Pedigree 1 -</u> A recessive trait (autosomal recessive) is expressed by pedigree 1.
- <u>Pedigree 2- Recessive inheritance is defined by Pedigree 2. </u>
- <u>Pedigree 3</u> - The inheritance of the dominant trait (autosomal dominant) is illustrated by Pedigree 3.
- <u>Pedigree 4-</u> An X-like dominant trait is expressed by Pedigree 4.
Explanation:
<u>Explaination of each pedigree chart</u>-
- Pedigree 1 demonstrates the <u>recessive trait </u>since their children have been affected by two unaffected individuals. If the characteristics were X-linked, in order to have an affected daughter, I-1 would have to be affected.
In this, both parents are autosomal recessive trait carriers, so the child will be affected by a 1/4 (aa) - <u> Recessive inheritance</u> is defined by <u>Pedigree 2</u>. This is<u> X-related inheritance as autosomal recessive</u> inheritance has already been accounted for in part 1. This inference is confirmed by evidence showing that the father (I-1) is unaffected and that only the sons exhibit the characteristic in generation II, suggesting that the mother must be the carrier. The individual I-2 is a carrier for this X-linked trait. A typical Xa chromosome is attached to the unaffected father (I-1), so the chance of carrier II-5 is 1/2. Probability of an affected son = 1/2 (probability II-5 is a carrier) x 1/2 (probability II -5 contributes (
) x 1/2 (probability of Y from father II-6) = 1/8. An affected daughter's likelihood is 0 because a typical
must be contributed by II-6. - The inheritance of the<u> dominant trait</u> is demonstrated by <u>Pedigree 3 </u>because affected children still have affected parents (remember that all four diseases are rare). The trait must be <u>autosomal dominant</u> because it is passed down to the son by the affected father. There is a 1/2 risk that the heterozygous mother (II-5) would pass on mutant alleles to a child of either sex for an autosomal dominant feature.
- <u>Pedigree 4</u> is an <u>X-linked dominant function</u> characterized by the transmission to all of his daughters from the affected father but none of his son. On the mutant X chromosome, the father (I-1) passes on to all his daughters and none of his sons. As seen by his normal phenotype, II-6 therefore does not bear the mutation. An affected child's likelihood is 0.
In the question the pedigree chart was missing ,hence it is given below.
The answer is <span>a. most living organisms can survive in environments with several different temperature and salinity levels.
</span>Aquatic plants and animals depend on dissolved oxygen for respiration. The other abiotic factors that impact their life in an aquatic ecosystem are temperature, salinity, and flow and they determine the quality of their life. <u>It is not true that most living organisms can survive in environments with several different temperature and salinity levels.</u> On the contrary, a few species can live in <span>environments with several different temperature and salinity levels, for example, some bacteria. The most organism can survive in a specific range of abiotic factors.</span>
Answer:
All parasympathetic target organs
The sensory receptors refer to the portions of the nervous system, which sense variations in the external or internal surroundings. The sensory input can be in various forms, comprising taste, pressure, light, sound, pH of blood, or levels of hormones, which are transformed into a signal and are transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
In the sensory centers of the brain, the barrage of information is integrated and a response is produced. The response, that is, a motor output refers to a signal conducted towards organs via motor neurons, which then transforms the signal into some kind of action, like changes in heart rate, movement, discharge of hormones, and others.