Homologous structures are the structures with similar anatomy, embryology, morphology, and genetics but dissimilar functions. Analogous structures are the structures that are similar but anatomical dissimilar doing the same function.
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What is Cladogram?</h3>
A cladogram is a diagramic representation that shows relationships between species. This relationships is based on observable physical characteristics. As the below diagram representing the cladograph of table.
Species A is most primitive species in fossils records. Fossils are the or traces of remains, preserved remains, of ancient organisms.
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Surface water is warmer than deep-ocean water. The deeper you go into the ocean the colder it is. This is because the warmth from the sun cannot reach the water near the bottom of the ocean.
Answer:
Once starch reaches small intestine, it needs to be broken down into smaller units with the help of <u>hydrolysis reaction</u>. Pancreatic amylase catalyzes this reaction which ultimately breaks down glycosidic bonds present in starch molecule to produce simpler bio-molecules like maltose, dextrin etc.
Uses of carbohydrate in body:
(1) It is primary source of energy in the body;
(2) It is required by the body for storage of energy in the form of glycogen;
(3) In plants, it is required for building cellular structures like cellulose.
Explanation:
In order for starch to be digested in the intestine, it needs to be hydrolyzed with the help of pancreatic amylase. The hydrolysis reaction breaks the glycosidic bonds of starch molecule which is a polymer leading to the release of smaller molecules like dextrin, maltose etc. Maltose which is a disaccharide is further broken down into even smaller monomeric units like glucose with the help of enzyme known as maltase.
After conversion into monomeric unit i.e. glucose now it can be absorbed by the blood stream. The blood transports these small glucose molecules to all the cells of the body. After entering the cell, the glucose is used for the production of energy/ATP via cellular respiration.
During cellular respiration, the glucose is first converted into pyruvate via glycolysis. Pyruvate then enters PDH complex wherein it is oxidatively carboxylated into acetyl coenzyme A. The acetyl coenzyme A produced then enters TCA cycle and produce high energy molecules like NADH, FADH₂ and ATP. The NADH and FADH₂ then finally enter electron transport chain (ETC) so as to produce ATPs. These ATPs are then utilized by our body for our day to day activities.
Answer:
C3 photosynthesis produces a three-carbon compound via the Calvin cycle while C4 photosynthesis makes an intermediate four-carbon compound that splits into a three-carbon compound for the Calvin cycle. Plants that use CAM photosynthesis gather sunlight during the day and fix carbon dioxide molecules at night.
Explanation:
