Generally, most puppies fit into five dog breed sizes. Your smallest dogs are the toy dog breeds. Then there are the small, medium, and large sizes of dogs. Your largest breeds of dogs fall into the giant sizes.
Toy = up to 12 lbs
Small = 12 - 25 lbs
Medium = 25 - 50 lbs
Large = 50 - 100 lbs
Giant = Over 100 lbs
If you want to document your own puppy's development, then you might want to look at this journal - Puppy's First Year Keepsake Book.
Apart from documenting many other milestones, it has a nice chart where you can document your own puppy's growth and weight.