<span>The reason that people usually will be bothered by the absence of conventions of talk is that in our communication lies cultural similarities and differences. When we follow conventions of talk, we are following our cultural norms and this provides a level of comfort for those involved. When these are not followed, there is an uneasiness that comes with the unfamiliarity, and necessary assumptions about the meaning of the communication can not be made.</span>
After the death of Muhammad, he was succeeded by 'the <em>Rashidun</em>', a 30-year reign of the four 'rightly guided caliphs'. During such reign, which lasted from 632 CE to 656 CE, the expansion through the territories outside Arabia started.
Eventually, under the influence of the political systems of these territories, the leadership became hereditary, and the Umayyad dinasty, who moved to Damascus to excercise power, ruled from 661 CE to 750 CE. This dinasty achieved the greatest expansion of the Muslim Empire in a lapse of 89 years, converting the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb, and the Iberian Peninsula to Islam, as well as occupying 5.79 million square miles of territory and including 62 million people. It was the fifth largest empire in history regarding area and proportion of the world's population.
Answer:
the conditioned response (CR).
Explanation:
Since Youri had leukemia and had undergone various chemotherapy that made him nauseous every time he goes. And, its been a year of his treatment that now even the waiting makes him feel nauseous because he feels that again he will have to undergo chemotherapy. This nauseous feeling from chemotherapy is referred to as the conditioned response.
The term conditioned response has been used in a classical conditioning experiment by Ivan Pavlov, which refers to reflexive behavior or the learned response concerning a conditioned stimulus.
