Answer:
a. substantia nigra
b. substantia nigra (it is repeated)
Explanation:
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is caused by the death of neurons that release the neurotransmitter dopamine in the <u>substantia nigra</u>, or locus niger, -a region of the brain that regulates brain circuits that give the 'orders' to initiate voluntary movements- .
The lack of this neurotransmitter leads to the occurrence of the main symptoms suffered by patients: decreased movements, muscle stiffness, postural instability and tremor. These failures are generated by the abnormal way in which neurons work in the absence of dopamine through a mechanism that is not known in depth.
It is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer's disease, with a prevalence of 2% in people over 65 years. The characteristic symptoms of stiffness, bradykinesia and tremor are associated with losses of neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine depletion in the striatum. There are large cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, which are the pathological mark of the disease and appear predominantly in neurons that contain melanin of the nigra substance. Genetic studies in a subgroup of families with Parkinson's disease with autosomal dominant inheritance found a locus on chromosome 4q-21 23 and a mutation in the gene that encodes a synaptic protein, α-synuclein.
The answer is Glycogenolysis
When we are hungry or skipped a meal our glucagon, <span>an hormones</span> that regulates blood-sugar levels, is released to avoid glucose levels in the blood to decrease to a risky value.
Glucagon makes the liver, but also the muscle, to breakdown accumulated glucose called glycogen into glucose to increase blood-sugar levels. This process is called Glycogenolysis and can also be stimulated by an increase in epinephrine during fight-or-flight responses.
Answer:
it protects aquatic life from changes in air temperature
Explanation:
Answer: Proteins
Explanation:
Proteins are one of the most plentiful naturally-grown molecules in living systems and possess the most distinctive extent of duties of all macromolecules. The purposes of proteins are highly distinct for 20, unlike chemically different amino acids that develop large chains, plus the amino acids can occur in any method. Proteins may be architectural, regulatory, contractile, or shielding; they may work in transportation, storage, or membranes; or they may be poisons or enzymes. An instance of the function of proteins: proteins can work as enzymes or hormones. Enzymes made by living cells are catalysts in biochemical reactions and are usually proteins.
